Clinical Signs and Symptoms in Manicurists Exposed to Chemical Substances In Orizaba-Córdoba, Veracruz, México
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Occupational exposure to chemical substances in manicure salons poses a health risk.
Objective: To identify clinical signs and symptoms in manicure workers and their relationship with the use of chemical substances in the Orizaba-Córdoba,Veracruz.
Material and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study (n = 51). A bivariate analysis was performed, and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant using STATA version 13.
Results: All participants were women, with 72% aged between 18 and 33 years and with 1 to 5 years of job seniority. A statistically significant association was found between dermatological manifestations and duration of exposure (p = 0.046); and between ocular manifestations and number of services per day (p = 0.046), use of protective eyewear (p = 0.044), salon size (p = 0.040), and use of solvents (p = 0.047).
Conclusions: Clinical manifestations in manicure workers were associated with solvent use and working conditions.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. Passione Iberrica S.L. History of nail art: an ancient tradition [Internet]. Spain: Passione Beauty; 2023 [cited 2023]. Available from:
https://blog.passionebeauty.com/es-es/historia-del-nail-art-una-tradicion-milenaria
II. Caicedo MSBA. History of nails [Internet]. Colombia: Marias; 2022 [cited 2023]. Available from: https://www.marias.com.co/unas/historia-de-las-unas-2/
III. Nailsforyou.Store. History of acrylic nails [Internet]. Mexico: Monterrey ON; 2021 [cited 2023]. Available from:
https://nailsforyou.store/historia-de-las-unas-acrilicas/
IV. Aguilera J, Bosch RJ, de Gálvez MV. Discussion abounds on the potential carcinogenic risks associated with the use of UV curing lamps for permanent nail polish. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024;115(6):533–538.
V. Roelofs C, Do T. Exposure assessment in nail salons: an indoor air approach. ISRN Public Health. 2012;2012:1–7.
VI. Lamplugh A, Harries M, Xiang F, Trinh J, Hecobian A, Montoya LD. Occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds and health risks in Colorado nail salons. Environ Pollut. 2019;249:518–526.
VII. Dang JV, Rosemberg MS, Le AB. Perceived work exposures and expressed intervention needs among Michigan nail salon workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021;94(8):2001–2013.
VIII. Ebrahimi V, Yarahmadi R, Salehi M, Ashtarinezhad A. Exposure assessment to BTEX in the air of nail salons in Tehran city, Iran. Heliyon. 2023;9(7):e18195.
IX. Nguyen LV, Diamond ML, Kalenge S, Kirkham TL, Holness DL, Arrandale VH. Occupational exposure of Canadian nail salon workers to plasticizers including phthalates and organophosphate esters. Environ Sci Technol. 2022;56(5):3193–3203.
X. Young AS, Allen JG, Kim UJ, Sellers S, Webster TF, Kannan K, et al. Phthalate and organophosphate plasticizers in nail polish: evaluation of labels and ingredients. Environ Sci Technol. 2018;52(21):12841–12850.
XI. Ramírez DM, Gutenkunst S, Lothrop N, Quijada C, Chaires M, Cortez I, et al. What a mix! Volatile organic compounds and worker exposure in small business beauty salons in Tucson, Arizona. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1300291.
XII. Tran HM, Bui HTM, Thoumsang S, Ngo NTB, Nguyen NPT, Nguyen HTM, et al. Occupational symptoms due to exposure to volatile organic compounds among female Vietnamese nail salon workers in Danang city. J Occup Health. 2020;62(1):e12160.
XIII. Asare-Donkor NK, Kusi Appiah J, Torve V, Voegborlo RB, Adimado AA. Formaldehyde exposure and its potential health risk in some beauty salons in Kumasi Metropolis. J Toxicol. 2020;2020:8875167.
XIV. Zhong L, Batterman S, Milando CW. VOC sources and exposures in nail salons: a pilot study in Michigan, USA. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2019;92(1):141–153.
XV. Baghani AN, Rostami R, Arfaeinia H, Hazrati S, Fazlzadeh M, Delikhoon M. BTEX in indoor air of beauty salons: risk assessment, levels and factors influencing their concentrations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018;159:102–108.
XVI. Pavilonis B, Roelofs C, Blair C. Assessing indoor air quality in New York City nail salons. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2018;15(5):422–429.
XVII. Han I, Seo JY, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Yakimavets V, D’Souza PE, et al. Evaluating indoor air phthalates and volatile organic compounds in nail salons in the Greater New York City area: a pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12411.
XVIII. Ssempebwa JC, Ndejjo R, Neebye RM, Atusingwize E, Musinguzi G. Determinants of exposures to hazardous materials among nail cosmeticians in Kampala City, Uganda. J Environ Public Health. 2019;2019:1925863.
XIX. Ana GR, Alli AS, Uhiara DC, Shendell DG. Indoor air quality and reported health symptoms among hairdressers in salons in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Chem Health Saf. 2019;26(1):23–30.
XX. Grešner P, Świercz R, Wąsowicz W, Gromadzińska J. Faster health deterioration among nail technicians occupationally exposed to low levels of volatile organic compounds. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2017;30(3):469–483.
XXI. Heaton T, Hurst LK, Amiri A, Lungu CT, Oh J. Laboratory estimation of occupational exposures to volatile organic compounds during nail polish application. Workplace Health Saf. 2019;67(6):288–293.
XXII. Shendell DG, Graber JM, Milich LJ, Pratt ME. Assessing acute symptoms related to occupational exposures among nail salon technicians. J Occup Environ Med. 2018;60(4):343–349.
XXIII. Ma GX, Wei Z, Husni R, Do P, Zhou K, Rhee J, et al. Characterizing occupational health risks and chemical exposures among Asian nail salon workers on the East Coast of the United States. J Community Health. 2019;44(6):1168–1179.
XXIV. Moradi M, Hopke P, Hadei M, Eslami A, Rastkari N, Naghdali Z, et al. Exposure to BTEX in beauty salons: biomonitoring, urinary excretion, clinical symptoms, and health risk assessments. Environ Monit Assess. 2019;191(5):286.
XXV. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for acetone [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2022 [cited 2023]. Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp21.pdf
XXVI. Chenoweth J. Isopropyl alcohol. In: Olson KR, Smollin CG, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Kim-Katz SY, et al., editors. Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2022. p. 312–317.
XXVII. National Institute for Safety and Health at Work. Toxicological documentation for establishing the occupational exposure limit for formaldehyde [Internet]. Spain: Ministry of Labor; 2018 [cited 2023]. Available from: https://www.insst.es
XXVIII. Hadei M, Hopke PK, Shahsavani A, Moradi M, Yarahmadi M, Emam B, et al. Indoor concentrations of VOCs in beauty salons; association with cosmetic practices and health risk assessment. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2018;13:30.
XXIX. Choi YH, Kim HJ, Sohn JR, Seo JH. Occupational exposure to VOCs and carbonyl compounds in beauty salons and health risks associated with it in South Korea. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;256:114873.
XXX. Chamber of Deputies of the H. Congress of the Union. Social Security Law [Internet]. Mexico: Official Gazette of the Federation; 1995 [cited 2023]. Available from:
XXXI. Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare. Official Mexican Standard NOM-010-STPS-2014, chemical agents contaminating the work environment—recognition, evaluation, and control [Internet]. Mexico: STPS; 2014 [cited 2023]. Available from: https://www.dof.gob.mx
XXXII. Chamber of Deputies of the H. Congress of the Union. Federal Labor Law [Internet]. Mexico: Official Gazette of the Federation; 1970 [cited 2023]. Available from:
XXXIII. Gatica-Ortega ME, Pastor-Nieto MA, Silvestre-Salvador JF. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by acrylates in long-lasting nail polish. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109(6):508–514.