Correlation Between Depression, Anxiety and Stress with Oral Burning Sensation in the Elderly
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction:Oral burning sensation(OBS) is a burning or stinging sensation in the mucosa, lips and/or tongue. This condition is most often associated with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). BMShas been associated with psychogenic factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress. As we age, there are many factors that cause depression, anxiety, and stress, which can interfere with the function of the human body. Therefore, this study wants to dig deeper into the correlation between psychological conditions and the occurrence of OBS, especially in the elderly.This research aims toTo determine the correlation between depression, anxiety and stress with OBS in the elderly.
Method:This cross-sectional study involved 112 elderly people who did not have comorbidities (not taking regular medication). Respondents were interviewed to fill in the questionnaire.research questionnaire, consisting of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire to measure psychological conditions, and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to assess OBS experiences. The questionnaire results were further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to see the significance value of the correlation between each of the independent variables and the dependent variable.
Results:There was no significant correlation between depression and OBS (p=0.062, p>0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between anxiety and OBS (p=0.000, p<0.05), and between stress and OBS (p=0.001, p<0.05).
Conclusion:OBS has a significant correlation with psychological conditions, especially anxiety and stress. However, in this study there was no significant correlation between depression and OBS.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. Levine GN, Cohen BE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Fleury J, Huffman JC, Khalid U, et al. Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Mar 9;143(10).
II. Le MTH, Tran TD, Holton S, Nguyen HT, Wolfe R, Fisher J. Reliability, convergent validity and factor structure of the DASS-21 in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. PLOS One. 2017 Jul 19;12(7):e0180557.
III. Scully C. Burning mouth syndrome (oral dysaesthesia). In: Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine: The Basis of Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2013. p. 249–52.
IV. Kumar MPS, Thenarasu V. Psychological Problems and Their Effects on the Oral Cavity - Review. International Journal of Clinical Dentistry. 2020;13(3).
V. Supriadi. Elderly and Their Problems. Journal of PPKn & Law. 2015 Oct;10(2):84–94.
VI. Puspadewi AAAR, Rekawati E. DEPRESSION RELATED TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY IN TRESNA WERDHA SOCIAL ASSOCIATION IN JAKARTA. Indonesian Journal of Nursing. 2017 Nov 11;20(3):133–8.
VII. Suga T, Watanabe T, Aota Y, Nagamine T, Toyofuku A. Burning mouth syndrome: The challenge of an aging population. Gerontol Int. 2018 Dec 12;18(12):1649–50.
VIII. Fulmer T, Strasser S, Antonucci T. Aging from a psychological perspective. In: Holm-Pederson P, Walls A, Ship J, editors. Textbook of Geriatric Dentistry. 3rd ed. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons ; 2015. p. 39–45.
IX. Rezazadeh F, Farahmand F, Hosseinpour H, Shahriarirad R, Sabet Eghlidi A. The Association between Emotional Stress, Sleep Disturbance, Depression, and Burning Mouth Syndrome. Biomed Res Int. 2021 Mar 13;2021:1–6.
X. Saraswati G, Wahyuni A. Description of Depression in the Elderly at the Welfare Association (PWS) of Denpasar City. E-Jurnal Medika Udayana. 2019;8(9).
XI. Braud A, Boucher Y. The relationship between the clinical features of idiopathic burning mouth syndrome and self-perceived quality of life. J Oral Sci. 2016;58(4):475–81.
XII. Pujar L, Badami S. Health status, nutritional status and stress level among institutional and non-institutional elderly women. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2022;11(7):3296–300.
XIII. Putri A, Nurdiana Dr, Fadhilla Darwis A. Relationship between Anxiety and Burning Mouth Syndrome of Psychiatric Outpatients. Advances in Health Science Research,. 2018;8:18–21.
XIV. Varghese B, Isaac S. Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Stress among Elderly People Living at Old Age Homes, Uttar Pradesh (India). International Journal of Research and Reviews. 2020;7(11).
XV. Santoso E, Tjihn P. Comparison of stress levels in the elderly in nursing homes and in families. J Biomed Kes . 2018;1(1):26–34.
XVI. Aravindhan R, Vidyalakshmi S, Kumar M, Satheesh C, Balasubramanium Am, Prasad Vs. Burning mouth syndrome: A review on its diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2014;6(5):21.
XVII. Nagao Y, Nakagaki H, Tsuji M. Effect of Oral Care in a Patient with Depression and Burning Mouth Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brailo V, editor. Case Rep Dent [Internet]. 2021;2021:3039269. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3039269
XVIII. Tu TTH, Watanabe M, Suga T, Hong C, Takao C, Takenoshita M, et al. Personality Traits in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients With and Without a History of Depression. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 29;12.
XIX. Malta C, Costa F, Carlos A, Sousa F, Silva P, Teofilo C. Association of anxiety, depression, and stress with burning mouth syndrome: a case-control study. Gen Dent. 2021;69(4):46–52.
XX. Jedel E, Elfström ML, Hägglin C. Differences in personality, perceived stress and physical activity in women with burning mouth syndrome compared to controls. Scand J Pain. 2021 Jan 27;21(1):183–90.
XXI. Batabyal A, Bhattacharya A, Thaker M, Mukherjee S. A longitudinal study of perceived stress and cortisol responses in an undergraduate student population from India. PLOS One. 2021 Jun 4;16(6):e0252579.
XXII. Mohammadi TM, Sabouri A, Sabouri S, Najafipour H. Anxiety, depression, and oral health: A population-based study in Southeast of Iran. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2019;16(3):139–44.