Mortality Rate in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diabetic foot complications, especially ulcers and their subsequent amputations, are associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. Approximately half of patients with diabetic foot ulcers die within five years, with mortality rates rising sharply with advancing age, comorbidities, and social determinants of health. Key factors influencing prognosis include cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and severity of foot pathology. Mortality is predominantly driven by cardiovascular events and infections, and disparities persist across demographic groups, highlighting the need for early intervention and equitable healthcare access. Recognizing these risk factors can inform targeted prevention strategies and improve outcomes for high-risk populations.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
for Management. Diabetologia. 2024;67(12):2691-2701. doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06262-w.
II. Guarnotta V, Radellini S, Vigneri E, et al. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Retrospective Comparative Analysis From Sicily Between Two Eras. PloS One. 2021;16(12):e0259405. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259405.
III. McDermott K, Fang M, Boulton AJM, Selvin E, Hicks CW. Etiology, Epidemiology, and Disparities in the Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):209-221. doi:10.2337/dci22-0043.
IV. Mader JK, Haas W, Aberer F, et al. Patients With Healed Diabetic Foot Ulcer Represent a Cohort at Highest Risk for Future Fatal Events. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1):10325. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46961-8.
V. Armstrong DG, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;376(24):2367-2375. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1615439.
VI. Chen L, Sun S, Gao Y, Ran X. Global Mortality of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2023;25(1):36-45.
doi:10.1111/dom.14840.
VII. Al-Rubeaan K, Almashouq MK, Youssef AM, et al. All-Cause Mortality Among Diabetic Foot Patients and Related Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia. PloS One. 2017;12(11):e0188097. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188097.
VIII. Gallagher KA, Mills JL, Armstrong DG, et al. Current Status and Principles for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in the Cardiovascular Patient Population: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation.2024;149(4):e232-e253. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001192.
IX. Yammine K, Hayek F, Assi C. A Meta-Analysis of Mortality After Minor Amputation Among Patients With Diabetes and/or Peripheral Vascular Disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2020;72(6):2197-2207. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2020.07.086.