The Correlation of Omega-3 Supplementation with CRP As Marker Inflammation in Autoimmune Diseases
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are regarded as anti-inflammatory lipids. The occurrence of diseases with an inflammatory aspect, including acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis vulgaris, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Omega 3 can reduce inflammatory factor such as CRP (C- reactive protein) or hsCRP (High sensitive c-reactive protein).
Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of omega 3 fatty acid supplements which reduce inflammatory markers such as CRP in autoimmune populations.
Materials and Methods: This systematic review was reported based on criteria from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A literature search was conducted with multiple electronic databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar. The keywords used in electronic databases were described using Boolean operators. All the studies from these databases were stored in the authors’ library in Rayyan.ai.
Results: Six studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. From six studies, 50% show omega-3 has a beneficial to reduce marker of inflammation such as CRP. But in the other case, 50% from the studies prove that omega-3 doesn’t have effect to reduce CRP serum levels in patient with autoimmune.
Conclusion: This systematic review reveals that omega-3 supplementation for reducing CRP as marker inflammation in autoimmune disease has a potential. At the same time, this supplementation is associated with autoimmune recovery shown by the improvement of the CRP serum levels
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. F. Shahidi and P. Ambigaipalan, “The annual review of food science and technology: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their health benefits,” Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol, vol. 9, no. January, pp. 16–17, 2018.
II. S. Lamon-Fava et al., “Clinical response to EPA supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder is associated with higher plasma concentrations of pro-resolving lipid mediators,” Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 929–935, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41386-022-01527-7.
III. H. Mozaffari, E. Daneshzad, B. Larijani, N. Bellissimo, and L. Azadbakht, “Dietary intake of fish, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies,” Eur. J. Nutr., vol. 59, no. 1, p. 0, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01901-0.
IV. J. Hahn et al., “Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial,” BMJ, vol. 376, 2022, doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-066452.
V. Y. Dong et al., “Effects of Vitamin D3 and Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation: 4-Year Findings from the VITAL Randomized Trial,” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 24, pp. 1–13, 2022, doi: 10.3390/nu14245307.
VI. C. Arriens, L. S. Hynan, R. H. Lerman, D. R. Karp, and C. Mohan, “Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of fish oil’s impact on fatigue, quality of life, and disease activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,” Nutr. J., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0068-2.
VII. M. Curado Borges, F. de Miranda Moura dos Santos, R. Weiss Telles, M. V. Melo de Andrade, M. I. Toulson Davisson Correia, and C. C. D. Lanna, “Omega-3 fatty acids, inflammatory status and biochemical markers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study,” Rev. Bras. Reumatol. (English Ed., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 526–534, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.09.014.
VIII. N. R. Sproston and J. J. Ashworth, “Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection,” Front. Immunol., vol. 9, no. APR, pp. 1–11, 2018, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754.
IX. V. R. Allugunti, N. M. Elango, and C. Kishor Kumar Reddy, “Diabetes kaggle dataset adequacy scrutiny using factor exploration and correlation,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., vol. 8, no. 1 SpecialIssue4, pp. 1105–1110, 2019.
X. P. H. Dessein, B. I. Joffe, and A. E. Stanwix, “High sensitivity C-reactive protein as a disease activity marker in rheumatoid arthritis,” J. Rheumatol., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1095–1097, 2004.
XI. E. Littlejohn et al., “The ratio of erythrocyte sedimentation rate to C-reactive protein is useful in distinguishing infection from flare in systemic lupus erythematosus patients presenting with fever,” Lupus, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1123–1129, 2018, doi: 10.1177/0961203318763732.
XII. J. Wang et al., “The diagnostic values of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in identifying systemic lupus erythematosus infection and disease activity,” Med. (United States), vol. 98, no. 33, pp. 1–8, 2019, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016798.
XIII. K. Tselios, D. D. Gladman, B. J. Sheane, J. Su, and M. Urowitz, “All-cause, cause-specific and age-specific standardised mortality ratios of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Ontario, Canada over 43 years (1971-2013),” Ann. Rheum. Dis., vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 802–806, 2019, doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214802.
XIV. D. C. Love et al., “Affordability influences nutritional quality of seafood consumption among income and race/ethnicity groups in the United States,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 415–425, 2022, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac099.
XV. Y. Fu et al., “Lipid Extract from hard-shelled mussel (mytilus coruscus) improves clinical conditions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial,” Nutrients, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 625–645, 2015, doi: 10.3390/nu7010625.
XVI. Y. Zhou et al., “Natural polyphenols for prevention and treatment of cancer,” Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 8, 2016, doi: 10.3390/nu8080515.
XVII. H. M. Lindqvist, I. Gjertsson, T. Eneljung, and A. Winkvist, “Influence of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) intake on disease activity in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The MIRA randomized cross-over dietary intervention,” Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 4, 2018, doi: 10.3390/nu10040481.
XVIII. R. Li et al., “The Whole-Genome Sequencing and Hybrid Assembly of Mytilus coruscus,” Front. Genet., vol. 11, no. May, pp. 1–6, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00440.
XIX. C. Lourdudoss et al., “Dietary Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain in Spite of Inflammatory Control Among Methotrexate-Treated Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients,” Arthritis Care Res., vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 205–212, 2018, doi: 10.1002/acr.23245.
XX. E. Rajaei, K. Mowla, A. Ghorbani, S. Bahadoram, M. Bahadoram, and M. Dargahi-Malamir, “The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving DMARDs Therapy: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial,” Glob. J. Health Sci., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 18–25, 2015, doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p18.
XXI. C. Wilson et al., “Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation on Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Infants at High Genetic Risk for Type 1 Diabetes,” Pediatr. Diabetes, vol. 16, no. 6224, pp. 271–279, 2015, doi: 10.1111/pedi.12170.Effect.
XXII. E. S. Ibrahim, “Enteral nutrition with omega-3 fatty acids in critically ill septic patients: A randomized double-blinded study,” Saudi J. Anaesth., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 536–539, 2018, doi: 10.4103/sja.SJA_50_18.
XXIII. R. Poggioli, K. Hirani, V. G. Jogani, and C. Ricordi, “Modulation of inflammation and immunity by Omega-3 fatty acids: a possible role for prevention and to halt disease progression in autoimmune, viral, and age-related disorders,” Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 7380–7400, 2023, doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202308_33310.
XXIV. P. Pérez-Segura et al., “Children with type 1 diabetes have elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared with a control group,” BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2020, doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001424.
XXV. O. de Dios et al., “Plasma retinol levels and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in prepubertal children,” Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 2–9, 2018, doi: 10.3390/nu10091257.